From
https://www.baseballprospectus.com/n...stricted-list/
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A player suspended for an on-field incident may not be replaced on the active roster, leaving his team a man short for the duration of the suspension. For example, Tampa Bay played two games in April with a 24-man roster after catcher Dioner Navarro was suspended for bumping an umpire. But Philadelphia was able to field a complete 25-man roster after reliever J.C. Romero tested positive for a banned substance and was suspended for the first 50 games of 2009.
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I had thought that whether a replacement for the suspended player would be allowed would depend on the length of the suspension. It seems not.
There also seems to be an assumption that a player couldn't do something on the field resulting in a 50 game suspension as was handed out for the banned substance incident described above.
Had MLB handling the Astros players properly and got proof of cheating without giving blanket immunity, how would that have been handled? Clearly suspension of 40 or 50 games or even a season in some cases would have been justified. But the incidents happened mostly on the field. (Dugout is part of the field because an ejected player, coach, or manager is not permitted in the dugout.) It would clearly be impractical for a team to play a quarter or a third of the season short multiple players.
Speaking of the Asterisks, I saw where Dusty Baker was complaining about booing by fans saying we've been punished. No, Dusty, the boos are because the players weren't.